Ethics Ethics And Integrity - 2348 Words

The paper imposes with the importance of ethics and integrity in current policing. It explains the foundation for structure of professional moral obligations, briefly depicts the indispensable core of applied ethics and describes the process of moral reasoning to give you a better appreciation of the expectations and ethical issues covering all law enforcement officers. It then defines police ethics,This paper will discus how everyday decisions influence the law officers life, in addition to those of the community. Hero’s sacrificing their lives to â€Å"Protect and Serve†. Ethics, also know as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of questions of right and wrong and how we ought to live. Ethics involves making moral judgements about what is right and wrong, good or bad. Right and wrong are qualities or moral judgements we assign in action and conduct. Ethics proves us with a way to make more choices when we are uncertain about what do in a situation involving moral issues. Ethics in policing is a branch of applied standardizing, ethics. The most well-known sections of applied ethics include medical and business ethics. The tie between ‘theory’ and ‘practice’ is what differentiates applied ethics from philosophical ethics. Applied ethics is the field that holds ethical theory accountable to practice and professional practice accountable to theory. Consequently, philosophers shouldn’t to professionals and the mean that are supposed to overseeShow MoreRelatedEssay Ethics and Integrity1219 Words   |  5 PagesReflective Essay # 2: Integrity Article Integrity: Without It Nothing Works I have learned a great deal about the difference between integrity, morality, and ethics. From the article, the term integrity means that it is â€Å"a matter of a person’s word—nothing more and nothing less†. It is important that one should know the difference between integrity, morality, and ethics. I learned that integrity is more on the commitment a person makes and keeps to fulfill what he/she said he would do. I feelRead MoreEthics And Integrity Of Enron769 Words   |  4 PagesMost companies pride themselves on their business model and ethics to help make them successful. Ethics and Integrity are two things all companies should practice and promote. When Enron was first developed that is what they set out to do, but things quickly took a turn for the worst. The name Enron is now synonymous with fraud, in one of the biggest Wall Street scandals in history. In 1985 Enron was conceived by two gas companies merging together in Houston, TX. The company began to boom in theRead MoreThe Ethics Of Academic Integrity1149 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast Ethics Research Articles Ethics are the principals that build an individual’s character and integrity. It is the code of conduct that a person lives by; it is the way that a person conducts themselves when no one is around. Stealing, lying, and cheating are wrong, yet every day in the workplace these issues occur. Growing competition lends to the need for people to do what they can to get ahead and stay ahead. Ethics are pushed to the side as people try to gain power or toRead MoreAccounts: Ethics and Integrity685 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Accounts ethics Integrity is a quality that is characterized by reliability, honesty and fairness that has been developed in relationships over time. It is a concept where there is consistency in actions, principles, measures, values, outcomes, expectations and methods used. Professional integrity is very important when it comes to personal credibility as well as professional success when it comes to the world of business. Integrity will enable someone to build relationships that are effectiveRead MoreThe Integrity And Ethics Of The Leadership1265 Words   |  6 Pages1. According to Steve Arneson from the website Examiner.com, there are eight most important competencies in the leadership. First, the integrity and ethics: the truth has to be told and it is important in management to do the right thing. Then, visioning and strategy are very important and as a leader, the manager has to know where he wants to go with his team and develop a good strategy to reach it; furthermore, leader has to be focu s on results. A manager needs also a good judgment, be a greatRead MoreThe Ethics Of Academic Integrity1225 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic integrity continues to be an important issue of public concern especially in higher education institutions. There are countless articles that report students cheating on examinations, plagiarizing written assignments, and collaborating with others when such behavior is prohibited. Conversely, there are reports of viable honor systems that have been implemented in schools that make such unethical behavior less pervasive. Both of these extremes, beg the question whether an honor code, suchRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Integrity Objection1336 Words   |  6 Pages The Integrity Objection is a counter-argument to consequentialism first proposed by Bernard Williams in 1973. It problematizes consequentialist moral philosophy on the grounds that it forces an agent to forfeit their ‘integrity’ – their character and personal values †“ in order to follow an impartial moral calculus. When an agent performs an action which is morally correct according to a consequentialist calculation, they may experience guilt, sadness, or other negative emotions despite the moralRead MoreCriminal Justice: Ethics and Integrity676 Words   |  3 PagesEthics and integrity are important to a police chief or county sheriff in a number of ways. First, ethics and integrity assist a police chief or a county sheriff to recruit the best officers who can work in their departments. It is only through application of the principles of ethics and integrity that a police chief or a county sheriff can identify these qualities in the potential applicants, and use them in the recruitment process. Second, ethics and integrity are important to a police chief orRead MoreAcademic Ethics And Academic Integrity Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesAcademic ethics are the moral codes or the shared standards of an academic enterprise and the core of its s uccess (Occidental College, 2016). Basically, academic ethics require each student, to be honest, responsible, fair, respectful, give credit where it is due, turn in their original work, and etc. (Michigan State University, n.d.). Academic integrity requires students to do their own work without unauthorized help from others, cheating, lying, plagiarizing, and stealing (Valdosta State UniversityRead MoreLeadership, Ethics, Integrity And Civility754 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership, Ethics, Integrity and Civility Keer Fan The George Washington University I agree with what the videos say that ethical leaders have both individual as well as organizational responsibilities. As to individual responsibility, if an ethical leader acts ethically, he will inspirit other people to follow him as an example. If leaders act unethically, subordinates will copy these unethical actions. The videos show that personal examples set by firm leaders is the single factor that has the

Job Satisfaction and Employees Performance Free Essays

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 0 Background of the study of Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance in Total Nigeria Plc. The Total Nigeria PLC is a privately held, owned and managed industrial lubrication, oil and gas manufacturing company spread across the geographical regions and districts in Nigeria. We will write a custom essay sample on Job Satisfaction and Employees Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now The company has been a part of the Nigeria manufacturing landscape since 1962 and has earned the reputation as one of the key suppliers for lubrication equipment, oil and gas products in the industry. It manufactures petrol, kerosene, diesel, cooking gas, car care products, insecticides and lubricants such as oilers spray systems, applicators and condition monitoring equipment. Total Nigeria Plc. is dedicated to selling its products through distribution. TOTAL is the world’s fourth-largest publicly-traded integrated oil and gas company, with operations in more than 130 countries spanning all aspects of the petroleum industry, including Upstream operations (oil and gas exploration, development and production, LNG) and Downstream operations (refining, marketing and the trading and shipping of crude oil and petroleum products ). TOTAL employees more than 95,000 employees worldwide, TOTAL reported sales of â‚ ¬153. 8 billion in 2006. TOTAL Upstream activities are carried out by three subsidiary companies in Nigeria. They are: 1. Total Export and Production Nigeria Limited (TEPNG) 2. Total Upstream Nigeria Limited (TUPNL) for oil/gas 3. Total Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Limited for gas. They are committed partners in Nigeria’s growth and improvement: what they take out of the ground, they put into the economy. Their long term vision is to remain Nigeria’s preferred operator, promoting the nation’s economy through their various activities, and all the while contributing positively to the sustainable development of its communities. Samuel Emeka Mbah (Unilag Research Paper): There is a general consensus that there exists a managerial problem of finding successful mechanism of retaining employees especially in a job environment that is characterized by constant yearnings for pay rise. Employee job satisfaction has influence on employee turnover in organisations. The implication of this is that the extent to which an organisation is able to retain its employees’ depend on the level of job satisfaction that are made available to these workers. Job satisfaction is known to have positive impact on employee turnover intentions. It means that dissatisfaction on the job increases or will increase the rate of employee turnover intention in organisation. Job satisfaction is how content an individual is with his or her job. Dessler (1978:37) refers to job satisfaction, ‘as the degree of needs satisfaction that is derived from and or experienced on the job’. He affirms to the ability of employees in an organisation aspirations, feeling happy doing their job with the hope that their needs will be achieved. A job is a group of positions, which involves essentially the same duties, responsibility, skill and knowledge†. Scholars and human resource professionals generally make a distinction between affective job satisfaction and cognitive job satisfaction. Affective job satisfaction is the extent of pleasurable emotional feelings individuals have about their jobs overall, and is different to cognitive job satisfaction which is the extent of individuals’ satisfaction with particular facets of their jobs, such as pay, pension arrangements, working hours, and numerous other aspects of their jobs. Consequently, the inability of employees to achieve their needs will amount to dissatisfaction because job satisfaction is a general attitude towards an individual’s job, and the difference between the amount of reward workers receive and the amount they believe they should receive. It has been observed that a person with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive attitude towards the job while the person who is dissatisfied with the job holds negative attitude about the job. Also satisfied employees are known to show higher level work performance in organisations. By analysing job satisfaction an organisation can possibly increase positive outcomes such as employee satisfaction and performance, and may decrease absenteeism and turnover. 1. 1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Employees in Total Nigeria Plc. lay important roles, so employee’s satisfaction is a very essential one; hence there arises a need to study the job satisfaction of oil, gas and lubrication employees. The Total Nigeria Plc. has been a part of the Nigerian industrial setting for over 40years. Investigating the employee’s value-perception can aid in managers building and creating work environments that help them to achieve high levels of employee satisfaction. The intention of invest igating employee job satisfaction is therefore a step toward creating a healthy psychological contract for people at work (Palmer, 1999, Pg. ). This research therefore, seeks to evaluate the antecedents of employee turnover in the Total Nigeria PLC with a view to understanding its retention strategy. It would also evaluate the level of employee job satisfaction in relation to pay, nature of work and supervision as well as recommend ways of sustaining or improving on the company’s retention strategy. This research study would help in mapping out strategies and methods that would foster objective conclusions. 1. 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Job satisfaction can be used as a powerful tool to achieve goal congruency and enhance employee motivation. It has been observed and noted that employees who find self-identity within the organisational context are motivated even in the face of adversity and channel their efforts towards the achievement of organisational goals. The absence of employee motivation may have significant negative implications to the company achieving its strategy. The objectives of this research are: 1. To access the general level of job satisfaction in Total Nigeria Plc. . To determine the nature of the relationship between employees’ job satisfaction level and their performance. 3. To determine the major sources of dissatisfaction in Total Nigeria Plc. 4. To recommend some measures for improving the satisfaction level of the employees. This research will reinforce the knowledge on the holistic approach to job satisfaction from corporate strategy to individual level. It would also help in the acad emic understanding and development in the field of change management with specific reference to job satisfaction. It will be useful to Total Nigeria Plc. , other state owned enterprises, governmental and private sector organisations in Nigeria in the implementation of job satisfaction. It will give an overview of management and employees’ understanding of the whole concept of job satisfaction, their level of participation in its implementation, from strategy development, goal setting to performance reviews, and their perception regarding its impact on the achievement of corporate objectives. 1. 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. How can the general level of job satisfaction in Total Nigeria Plc. e accessed? 2. How can the nature of the relationship between employees’ job satisfaction level and their performance be determined? 3. How can the major sources of dissatisfaction in Total Nigeria Plc. Be determined? 4. Recommend some measures for improving the satisfaction level of employees? 1. 4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 1. There is no association between working conditions and job satisfaction. 2. Ther e is no association between rewards provided and job satisfaction. 3. There is no association between welfare measures and job satisfaction. . There is no association between job security and job satisfaction. 1. 5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1. Job satisfaction should be the major determinants of an employee organizational behaviour. 2. A satisfied employee will be having positive attitude towards his or her job and would go beyond the normal expectation in his or her job. 3. A person who places high importance on imagination, independence and freedom is likely to be poorly matched with an organization that seeks conformity from its employees. 1. 6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The study included all employees of the organisation, with the exception of the researcher and the CEO and regional managers. All the findings and observations made in the study are purely based on the respondents’ answers which may be biased. Time and cost is also another constraint. 1. 6 DEFINITION OF TERMS PLC – Public Liability Company LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas TEPNG – Total Export and Production Nigeria Limited Unilag – University of Nigeria, Lagos State CEO – Chief Executive Officer TUPNL – Total Upstream Nigeria Limited How to cite Job Satisfaction and Employees Performance, Essay examples

Acute Kidney Injury And Chronic Kidney Disease as Interconnected Syndr

Question: Explain about the case study on Acute Kidney Injury And Chronic Kidney Disease as Interconnected Syndromes? Answer: Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic Kidney Disease is considered as the condition that can be characterized by the loss of kidney function over a span of time. This disorder is also referred to as the Chronic Renal Failure. It can be clearly estimated that almost 15,000,000 people dies due to the Chronic Kidney Disorder. Definition CKD, which is formally as known as Chronic Kidney generally, focuses towards the loss of kidney functioning among the patients. It is been often observed that kidney tend to filter the excess fluids which are associated to the blood along with other waste materials efficiently. These particles are then excreted through urine (Thadhani et al. 2012). Thereby, it can be stated that when a patient suffers from such disease, then there are huge abnormal symptoms observed. Some of the most significant accumulations include electrolytes, toxic fluids and wastes. The primary stage of the CKD is symbolized by limited symptoms. It can be stated that in the primary stage, the disorder may not become apparent physically. The treatment for the Chronic Kidney Disorder mainly focuses toward the condition where there is a limitation to the kidney metabolism to a huge extent (Stevens and Levin 2013). The adverse effect of Kidney impairment finally results in complete failure of the kidney. On the large extent, Artificial Filtering Protocol (which is also known as Dialysis) or the Kidney Transplant therapy are considered as effective measures to prevent patients suffering from Chronic Kidney Disorder significantly. Classification The various stages of Chronic Kidney Disorder are stated in the table below, which tend to estimate (or measure) the factors of GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate). One a basic note, Chronic Kidney Disorder is characterized by five stages, where the primary stages (Stage 1 and 2) and considered to be the minimal affecting stages for a Kidney Disorder. Table 1: Table representing the Stages associated to Chronic Kidney Disorder Stages Glomerular Filtration Rate Description of the Event Treatment 1 85+ There is a normal functioning of the urine, however there are structural abnormalities or the genetic trait point Controlling the blood pressure and thereby managing the effect of Stages 1 2 CKD 2 55-80 The kidney functioning is mildly reduced. Controlling the blood pressure and thereby managing the effect of Stages 1 2 CKD 3A 40-55 There is a moderate reduction of the kidney function Controlling the blood pressure and thereby managing the effect of Stage 3 CKD 3B 32-40 4 16-31 The kidney functioning is significantly reduced Effective planning for the stage of renal limitation, supported by the management of Stage 4 5 CKD 5 The condition is very severe, often highlights to complete failure of the kidney (Renal Failure) Effective planning for the stage of renal limitation, supported by the management of Stage 4 5 CKD (Source: Thadhani et al. 2012) Investigation Biochemical A large number of Biochemical investigation therapies are generally carried out in case of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The most common types of therapies that are carried out include the following factors: Serum Sodium: The level of serum sodium is usually diagnosed to be normal but the level of serum sodium is found to be comparatively low in case of patients suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Plasma Glucose: Monitoring of the plasma glucose helps in detecting the undiagnosed diabetes. This in turn helps in assessing the diabetes of control. Serum Bicarbonate: In comparison to the normal patients, the sodium bicarbonate level of the affected person is found to be very low. Serum Potassium: In comparison to the level in case of normal patients, the serum potassium levels in case of patients who are suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease are generally found to be high in comparison to the standard value. Serum Albumin: In case of nephritic and /or malnourished patients, the Hypoalbuminaemia in patients are found to be low. Serum Calcium: The level of serum calcium for patients who are suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease is found to be normal. But in many cases, patients with high levels of serum calcium have been also diagnosed due to initiation of different kind sof metabolism. Serum Phosphate: Patients suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease has been diagnosed with high levels of serum phosphate. Serum Alkaline Phosphate: Higher value of serum alkaline phosphate has been observed for patients suffering from CKD. Serum Cholesterol and Triglycerides: Dyslipidaemia is a common disease that is generally found among patients suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease. Serum Parathyroid Hormone: The level of Serum Parathyroid Hormone tends to increase considerably that is directly associated with deterioration of the renal functioning. e-GFR e-FGR is a cell surface protein. The cell surface protein specifically binds to the epidermal growth factor. The protein on binding with the ligand produces a change associated with dimerization of the receptor along with autophosphorylation of the Tyrosine residue. This in turn causes proliferation of cells. Mutation in the given gene causes lung cancer. e-GFR is primarily used for screening. It also helps in monitoring the status of the kidney for a particular patient. It is generally performed by initiating a creatinine test that specifically helps to calculate the rate of glomerular filtration thus estimated. The creatinine test forms a component of the routine Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) and Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP). The creatinine test thus helps a care provider to estimate present position of the patients kidney. The mechanism of the e-GFR is proficiently determined without involving any kind of added testing. Similarly the blood sample has been effectively sent for the measurement of the cretainine efficiency at the same period of time. The National Kidney Foundation has clearly stated that the creatinine efficiency can be automatically measured each time when a patient is subjected for a creatinine test. In order to evaluate the renal functioning for a particular individual, a creatinine test along with e-GFR is al ways initiated. Thus, the health practitioner who forms an effective part of the health diagnosis considers it as an important part. Thus, it is also applicable for patients suffering from renal dysfunctioning or for those who have been suspected by the health care giver. The warning signs of the mechanisms are discussed below: Swelling and puffiness is generally observed around the eyes and also in face, thighs, ankles, wrists and abdomen. The color of urine formed is either bloody or coffee. Patients suffering from renal disorder have a decrease in the amount of urine formation Different kinds of urination problems are also observed that specifically includes abnormal discharge during the process of urination or burning feeling. This is also associated with change in urination frequency (during the night time). Patients are diagnosed with a very high blood pressure (hypertension) Thus, implementation of the e-GFT test helps to detect kidney diseases. This is considered more consistent than the normal Creatinine test because it provides a better calculation of works. This particularly aims in measuring the reduction and deterioration of the kidney functioning. As per the concepts of National Kidney Foundation (NFK) it can be thus analyzed that the actual values is found to be around 60mL/min. As the normal value tends to vary between 90-120 mL/min, which is found below the average value (i.e 60 mL/min), it is thus recommended that there has been formation of different kinds of kidney impairment in an individual (Zhang et al. 2013). Table 2: Table representing the Kidney Damage Stages and the Subsequent Findings Stages related to the Kidney Damage Observation Glomerular Filtration Rate Associated Findings 1 Minimal or the Normal Kidney damage associated to the normal function of GFR Above 90 The Albumin or the Protein Concentration are considered to be higher 2 Mild decrease in the GFR concentration 55-85 The Albumin or the Protein Concentration are considered to be higher 3 Moderate decrement in the GFR 32-54 4 Effective Decrease in the GFR 14-25 5 Complete Failure of the Kidney Functioning 15 (Source: Qaseem et al. 2013) Creatinine Clearance Creatinine Clearance Test mainly provides the information regarding the normal functioning of the kidneys. This test is mainly associated to the comparison study regarding the creatinine level found in the urine along with the level found in blood. The level of creatinine is mainly found to be considered as breakdown of the final product of creatinine, which is important for muscular development. Creatinine Clearance Test is considered to be highly useful for both the blood and urine sample as it has a shelf life of only 1 day (24 hours). This test is used in order to estimate the GFR level associated to the sample. The factor of GFR can be measured in order to ensure the normal functioning of the kidney filtering (glomeruli) units. On a normal scale, this Clearance Test estimates 96 to 136 ml/min (in case of male) and 87 to 127 ml/min (in case of female). ACR and PCR ACR is commonly known as Albumin Creatinine Ration is mainly used to screen people suffering from various chronic disorders. This includes the factors of high blood pressure and diabetes, thereby triggering the consequence of Chronic Kidney Disorder. Identification of the patients suffering from the disorder at a very early stafe often helps the patient for treatment. Controlling the parameters of diabetes along with Hypertension generally helps to maintain the glycemic control. This often helps in reducing the effective blood pressure which helps in preventing the progression of kidney disease. As soon as the traces of Albumin is detercted in the urine sample, the test need to be repeated to confirm the concentration of the other periods. The test is generally measured by calculating the ratio of Albumin/Creatinine (A/C) ratio. Thie effective helps to determine the Albumin level which tend to escape from the kidney and enters to urine. This concentration of urine tend to vary throug hout the day. The PCR, which is also known as Protein Creatinine Ratio provide the number of milligrams (proteins) associated to sample. This test reports the ration associated to protein of creatinine. When the Protein/ Creatinine (of Urine) ratio is higher than 100mg protein/ g of Creatinine, then it indicates towards the occurance of the disorder. When this ratio exceeds more than 3000, then it can be clearly noted that there is a serious damage of the kidney. Efficiency of ACR (Compared to PCR) ACR possess higher specificity along with positive predicative value (better than PCR, 100mg/mmol) When the value of ACR is 60mg/mmol, then it signifies towards the identification of proteinuria in the primary care The cut off value associated to ACR45mg/mmol are found to be higher than the normal Statistical Value as compared to ACR60mg/mmol along with PCR100mg/mmol The ACR45MG/MMOL can be considered to be acceptable for referring proteinuria The reporting value of ACR45mg/mmol are considered necessary in order to monitor and manage proteinuria (24 hours measurement). This helps to quantify the proteinuria after the referral of secondary care (Jamal et al. 2013). Non-Biochemical ECG and Imaging of the Renal Tracking Protocol This system is mainly detects the ventricular hypertrophy and ischemia. This helps to assess the cardiac functioning of the patient. Often it is observed that a patient suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease tend to develop effective malfunctioning in the cardiac muscles. Thus, implementing ECG becomes a subordinate parameter, which is essential in investigating the normal functioning of the heart. Imaging plays a crucial role in investigating the renal functioning of a person. Two types of renal functioning are commonly encountered for investigating Chronic Kidney Disease. These are as follows: Plain Abdominal X-Ray: This may show radio opaque stones or nephrocalcinosis for the patients suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease Intravenous (IV) Pyelogram: This is not often used for the patients suffering from renal disorders. This is because it has a potential for contrast nephropathy. Apart from these, there are significant parameters associated to Renal Ultrasound. IN renal ultrasound mechanism, small echogenic kidneys are seen in the advanced Chronic Kidney Disease stage. It has been estimated that the kidneys are observed to be of larger size, which ultimately becomes of normal size in advanced diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, structural abnormalities are also observed in the cased of polycystic kidneys (Mencarelli, Busutti and Montini 2015). Finally, it is used for screening hydronephrosis, which is mainly caused by Urinary Track Obstrction, or due to the involvement of the retroperitoneum with fibrosis, diffuse adenopathy or tumor. Renal Ultrasound Scanning can be efficiently advised to every patient suffering from Chronic Kidney Disorder. To be more specific about the consequences, which need to be analyzed for Renal Ultrasound parameter, involves the following factors: Having accelerated progression associated to Chronic Kidney Disease Have a possible visible or persistent invisible haematuria Having effective symptoms identifying Urinary Tract Obstruction Having a family record history of Polycystic Kidney Disease (may be genetical factor) and are aged over 20 years Having a GFR of less than 30ml/ minute/ 1.73 m2 Considered by Nephrologists in order to highlight towards the parameters of renal biopsy The Renal Pyelogram tends to indicate towards the clinical suspicion of obstruction despite a negative ultrasound study finding (Gansevoort et al. 2013). Renal Radionuclide Scan Radionuclide scan generally helps in various parameters. These are as follows: It is estimated to be useful to screen for renal artery stenosis when performed with captopril administration. However, many of the medical practitioners believe that Renal Radionuclide Scan is unreliable for GFR of less than 30 ml/ minute (Findlay and Isles 2015). Moreover, this scanning mechanism also quantifies differential renal contribution to the total GFR. CT scan CT scan defines the renal masses along with the presence of cysts, which are clearly highlighted by observing under the influence of ultrasounds. This is considered as the most sensitive test, which is used for identifying renal stones (Olesen et al. 2012). Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRI) Some patients require CT scan but cannot receive the IV contrast. For such patients, MRI scanning becomes an effective parameter to investigate the presence of renal disorders associated to the individual (Coca, Singanamala and Parikh 2012). The benefits, which are associated to MRI scanning, are as follows: Like the protocol of CT scan and renal venography, MRI scanning is considered as a reliable mechanism that is mainly used for diagnosing the presence or renal vein thrombosis. Magnetic Resonance Angiography is also considered as a useful protocol, which mainly targets for diagnosing renal artery stenosis, although the renal arteriography remains the investigation of choice for such patients. Other Investigation Mechanisms The other commonly accepted Chronic Kidney Disease Investigation mechanisms includes: Micturating Cystourethrogram: This is used mainly for diagnosing vesicoureteric reflux (Chawla et al. 2014) Renal Biopsy: After surgery, the removed tissue is often encountered for a renal biopsy test. The test is often used to detect the presence of oncogenes in the tissue. Positive Biopsy Test generally indicates towards the fact that the patient is highly susceptible in developing cancer in the future. Monitoring The parameter of Monitoring mainly triggers towards wide range of parameters. These parameters are efficiently described below: The factor of e-GFR need to be monitored systematically. The occurrence of frequency generally depend on severity of renal impairment The patients suffering from Chronic Kidney Disorder generally possesses higher level of Proteinuris. Assessment of CKD needs to be conducted yearly. The parameter of Proteinuria needs to be assessed by measuring the PCR or ACR values. The detection of primary abnormal e-GFR protocol results to promote the clinical assessment of patients. This is followed by a repetition test within the two weeks in order to ensure the fluctuation of GFR rate. When the mechanism is found to be stable, then advanced test need to be performed by 90 days to completely evaluate the occurance of CKD When the diagnosis of CKD is completely confirmed, then it can be assumed that e-GFR assessment therapy should not be followed within 3 months The detection at the primary level of proteinuria (equivalent to 0.6g/day of total protein) need early confirmation because of the repeat tests. This is generally performed on the early morning specimen of urine. Consequences Chronic Kidney Disorder triggers effective and immediate consequences which generally formulates higher immunological alterations. In the primary stage, CKD causes various chronic simulations associated to the Rennin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS). Based on this parameter, the effective simulation causes polarization associated to the TH17 cells. The effective alterations generally occur due to the presence of dendritic polarized cells along with the retention of the sodium level (Coca, Singanamala and Parikh 2012). Second of all, Chronic Kidney Disease results to yhe deficiency of Vitamin D level causing uremic barrier in the intestine and thereby resulting to the dysfunction. It often results the cytokine accumulation resulting to the consequences. The combo effect result in formation of the systemic inflammation (Chawla et al. 2014). Finally, Chronic Kidney Disorder forms immune-suppression. This is mainly associated to the accumulation of metabolites (toxic) causing renal failure. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded from the above study that CKD at the early stage can be cured if effective strategies are implemented. The mechanism of Kidney Dialysis along with Transplantation is considered to be highly accepted medical tool which tend to limit the dysfunctioning of kidneys to a large extent. Countries such as the United Kingdom or the United States of America focuses towards the development of more effective strategies to prevent Chronic Kidney Disorder in a more logical and systemic manner. References Chawla, L.S., Eggers, P.W., Star, R.A. and Kimmel, P.L., 2014. Acute Kidney Injury And Chronic Kidney Disease As Interconnected Syndromes.New England Journal of Medicine,371(1), pp.58-66. Coca, S.G., Singanamala, S. and Parikh, C.R., 2012. Chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Kidney international,81(5), pp.442-448. de Zeeuw, D., Akizawa, T., Audhya, P., Bakris, G.L., Chin, M., Christ-Schmidt, H., Goldsberry, A., Houser, M., Krauth, M., Lambers Heerspink, H.J. and McMurray, J.J., 2013. Bardoxolone methyl in type 2 diabetes and stage 4 chronic kidney disease.New England Journal of Medicine,369(26), pp.2492-2503. Findlay, M. and Isles, C., 2015. Managing Pain in Chronic Kidney Disease. InClinical Companion in Nephrology(pp. 171-175). Springer International Publishing. Gansevoort, R.T., Correa-Rotter, R., Hemmelgarn, B.R., Jafar, T.H., Heerspink, H.J.L., Mann, J.F., Matsushita, K. and Wen, C.P., 2013. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention.The Lancet,382(9889), pp.339-352. Hering, D., Esler, M.D. and Schlaich, M.P., 2013. Chronic kidney disease: role of sympathetic nervous system activation and potential benefits of renal denervation.EuroIntervention: journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology,9, pp.R127-35. Jamal, S.A., Vandermeer, B., Raggi, P., Mendelssohn, D.C., Chatterley, T., Dorgan, M., Lok, C.E., Fitchett, D. and Tsuyuki, R.T., 2013. Effect of calcium-based versus non-calcium-based phosphate binders on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet,382(9900), pp.1268-1277. Jha, V., Garcia-Garcia, G., Iseki, K., Li, Z., Naicker, S., Plattner, B., Saran, R., Wang, A.Y.M. and Yang, C.W., 2013. Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives.The Lancet,382(9888), pp.260-272. Levey, A.S. and Coresh, J., 2012. Chronic kidney disease.The Lancet,379(9811), pp.165-180. Mencarelli, F., Busutti, M. and Montini, G., 2015. Chronic Kidney Disease. InPediatric Urology(pp. 353-363). Springer Milan. Olesen, J.B., Lip, G.Y., Kamper, A.L., Hommel, K., Kber, L., Lane, D.A., Lindhardsen, J., Gislason, G.H. and Torp-Pedersen, C., 2012. Stroke and bleeding in atrial fibrillation with chronic kidney disease.New England Journal of Medicine,367(7), pp.625-635. Parsa, A., Kao, W.L., Xie, D., Astor, B.C., Li, M., Hsu, C.Y., Feldman, H.I., Parekh, R.S., Kusek, J.W., Greene, T.H. and Fink, J.C., 2013. APOL1 risk variants, race, and progression of chronic kidney disease.New England Journal of Medicine,369(23), pp.2183-2196. Qaseem, A., Hopkins, R.H., Sweet, D.E., Starkey, M. and Shekelle, P., 2013. Screening, monitoring, and treatment of stage 1 to 3 chronic kidney disease: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.Annals of internal medicine,159(12), pp.835-847. Stevens, P.E. and Levin, A., 2013. Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline.Annals of internal medicine,158(11), pp.825-830. Thadhani, R., Appelbaum, E., Pritchett, Y., Chang, Y., Wenger, J., Tamez, H., Bhan, I., Agarwal, R., Zoccali, C., Wanner, C. and Lloyd-Jones, D., 2012. Vitamin D therapy and cardiac structure and function in patients with chronic kidney disease: the PRIMO randomized controlled trial.Jama,307(7), pp.674-684. Tonelli, M., Muntner, P., Lloyd, A., Manns, B.J., Klarenbach, S., Pannu, N., James, M.T., Hemmelgarn, B.R. and Alberta Kidney Disease Network, 2012. Risk of coronary events in people with chronic kidney disease compared with those with diabetes: a population-level cohort study.The Lancet,380(9844), pp.807-814. TrialistsCollaboration, B.P.L.T., 2013. Blood pressure lowering and major cardiovascular events in people with and without chronic kidney disease: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Vaziri, N.D., Wong, J., Pahl, M., Piceno, Y.M., Yuan, J., DeSantis, T.Z., Ni, Z., Nguyen, T.H. and Andersen, G.L., 2013. Chronic kidney disease alters intestinal microbial flora.Kidney international,83(2), pp.308-315. Yale, J.F., Bakris, G., Cariou, B., Yue, D., Davidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Neto, E., Xi, L., Figueroa, K., Wajs, E., Usiskin, K. and Meininger, G., 2013. Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in subjects with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism,15(5), pp.463-473. Zhang, L., Wang, F., Wang, L., Wang, W., Liu, B., Liu, J., Chen, M., He, Q., Liao, Y., Yu, X. and Chen, N., 2012. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China: a cross-sectional survey.The Lancet,379(9818), pp.815-822.